芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变有效性及安全性的Meta分析＊

目的 系统评价芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）的有效性及安全性。方法 计算机检索CNKI、万方、PubMed、Cochrane Library等数据库，检索时间截止至2021年9月，纳入试验组为芪明颗粒联合使用羟苯磺酸钙治疗NPDR的随机对照试验，应用Revman5.3软件对文献进行分析，系统评价对总有效率、血糖指标、视力、黄斑厚度、视网膜循环时间、血清细胞因子含量以及支链氨基酸含量的影响，同时评价芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙的用药安全性。结果 最终纳入14篇RCT，共计1299例患者。Meta分析结果示：试验组相对于对照组可以有效提高临床疗效（OR=4.22， 95%CI （3.02， 5.90）， Z=8.41， P<0.01，恢复视力（MD=0.14，95%CI （0.11， 0.16），Z=9.28，P<0.01），降低空腹血糖（MD=-0.17， 95%CI （-0.33， -0.01）， Z=2.07，P<0.05）及糖化血红蛋白（MD=-0.42，95%CI （-0.73， -0.11）， Z=2.68，P<0.01），降低黄斑厚度（MD=-7.30，95%CI （-9.86， -4.74）， Z=5.59，P<0.01），缩短视网膜循环时间（MD=-0.49，95%CI （-0.74， -0.23）， Z=3.73，P<0.01），同时可以调节血清因子含量以及支链氨基酸含量，降低不良反应发生率。结论 芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗NPDR有良好临床疗效，可以有效改善视力情况及视网膜循环状况，改善体内血清支链氨基酸代谢情况，够抑制NPDR患者视网膜内多种细胞因子所介导的血管新生，降低不良反应，但受纳入文献质量和数量的限制，上述结论仍需更多试验进一步验证。     

Association of job stress,CLOCK gene polymorphism and their interaction with poor sleep quality

Job stress and the Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) gene could affect circadian rhythm and sleep quality. The main aim of our present study was to investigate the association of job stress, CLOCK gene polymorphism and their interaction with sleep quality in a non‐clinical Chinese Han population, which has not been reported to date. Using a cross‐sectional design, 450 subjects were recruited in Beijing. Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and job stress was measured with the Work Stress Scale. CLOCK gene rs11932595 polymorphism was genotyped in 297 blood samples. Correlation analysis showed a close but different association of high job stress with the PSQI and its components. Analysis of variance showed significant main effects of the CLOCK gene rs11932595 polymorphism. G‐allele carriers had a higher score in the PSQI, sleep duration, sleep latency and sleep disturbances. Further interaction analyses showed an ordinal interaction on sleep duration, and a disordinal interaction on daytime dysfunction. Specifically, G‐allele carriers had poorer sleep duration than AA homozygotes when in high job stress, while the two subgroups displayed similar sleep duration when in low job stress, conforming to the diathesis–stress model. In comparison to G‐allele carriers, AA homozygotes experienced less daytime dysfunction when in low job stress whereas more daytime dysfunction when in high job stress, fitting with the differential susceptibility model. As genetic links have been revealed, our investigation might be conducive for elucidating aetiological factors for sleep quality and targets for implementing interventions to attain good sleep quality.     

大鼠腹侧被盖区多巴胺能神经元介导食欲素促进全麻后觉醒效应

目的:研究大鼠腹侧被盖区(VTA)多巴胺能神经元是否介导食欲素(orexin)的促进全麻后觉醒效应。方法:将兴奋性光遗传病毒注射至Hcrt-cre大鼠的orexin阳性神经元所在的下丘脑外侧穹隆周区(PeFLH),同时在VTA区注射抑制性化学遗传病毒及带有酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)-cre的混合病毒抑制多巴胺能神经元,并在VTA区植入光纤。观察通过化学遗传抑制VTA区多巴胺能神经元后,光遗传兴奋VTA区的orexin阳性神经投射终末是否仍能引起促进异氟醚麻醉后觉醒的效应。结果:与对照组相比,用化学遗传技术预先抑制VTA区多巴胺能神经元,阻断了光遗传兴奋VTA区orexin阳性神经投射终末所产生的缩短大鼠1.4%异氟醚麻醉后觉醒时间的作用;并阻断了光遗传兴奋VTA区orexin阳性神经投射终末所产生的降低大鼠1.4%异氟醚麻醉中脑电图爆发抑制率(BSR)效应。用Fos染色法验证了化学遗传法抑制多巴胺能神经元的可靠性。结论:抑制VTA区的多巴胺能神经元能够阻断兴奋大鼠VTA区orexin阳性神经末梢所产生的促进大鼠异氟醚后觉醒的效应,提示VTA区的多巴胺神经神经元介导了orexin调控VTA区产生的促进觉醒效应。     

PDCA教学模式在完全中间入路腹腔镜右半结肠CME术中的应用价值

目的探讨PDCA教学模式在完全中间入路腹腔镜右半结肠CME术中的应用价值。方法以2017年1月1日—8月1日时间段随机选取23例于我院行完全中间入路腹腔镜右半结肠癌CME术的患者,依据建档顺序作为对照组,以及2018年1月1日—8月1日时间段随机选取23例我科在施行PDCA教学模式后行相同术式,相同入路,依据建档顺序作为研究组。通过比较实施PDCA学习模式前后,两组手术的手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫情况、术后恢复时间及住院时间等疗效指标。结果应用PDCA教学模式后,淋巴结清扫更彻底、手术时间缩短、术中出血量减少(P<0.05)。而肠功能恢复时间和术后住院时间上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用PDCA教学模式后,在进行完全中间入路腹腔镜下右半结肠CME手术过程中,熟练度及手术质量有提高,效果显著。     

Comparative Outcome Analysis of N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate Embolization of the False Lumen Versus Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in Aortic Dissection

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) embolization for the treatment of aortic dissection.Materials and MethodsIn this single-center retrospective study conducted from February 2003 to June 2019, NBCA embolization of an aortic false lumen was attempted in 12 patients (median age, 59 y; range, 41–68 y) and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) was performed in 53 patients (median age, 59 y; range, 37–70 y) for aortic dissection with one or more indications of persisting pain, malperfusion, rupture or impending rupture, maximal aortic diameter ≥ 55 mm, and/or rapid aortic enlargement. The main exclusion criterion for embolization was the presence of fast blood flow in the aortic false lumen on aortography. The efficacy of NBCA embolization and TEVAR was compared by evaluating technical and clinical outcomes, repeat intervention–free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsTechnical success was achieved in 11 of the 12 patients treated with NBCA embolization (91.7%), and clinical success was achieved in 9 of these 11 (81.8%). No significant difference was found between embolization and TEVAR in clinical success rates (embolization, 81.8%; TEVAR, 84.9%; P = .409) or procedure-related complications (embolization, 1 patient [8.3%]; TEVAR, 4 patients [7.5%]; P = .701). In addition, embolization showed comparable 5-y RFS (embolization, 82.5% ± 9.3; TEVAR, 85.5% ± 4.8; P = .641) and 5-y OS (embolization, 100%; TEVAR, 95.4% ± 3.2; P = .744) rates to TEVAR.ConclusionsNBCA embolization of the false lumen in aortic dissection seems to be a safe and effective treatment modality for the closure of false lumen in selected patients.     

嗜酸性细胞肺类癌18F-FDG PET/CT异常高摄取一例

患者女,40岁,因"咳嗽10个月余,咳绿色浓痰伴发热5 d"就诊本院。体格检查:神志清,一般情况可。2018年10月26日外院胸部CT平扫及增强(图1)示右肺上叶肺门旁直径约2.2 cm类圆形结节影,边缘光整,无毛刺及卫星灶,密度尚均匀;增强后明显强化,动脉期CT值约107 HU,静脉期CT值约89 HU,考虑为硬化性肺细胞瘤。于外院行抗炎、止咳、化痰等治疗,症状无缓解。     

Mechanism of olfactory deficit in neurotrauma and its related affective distress: A narrative review

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the leading causes of death and disability all over the globe. TBI is also commonly associated with clinical sequelae of posttraumatic depression, and reports of other subsequent affective distress are common. Similarly, posttraumatic changes in chemoreceptive sensory functions, primarily due to coup-contrecoup injury induced shearing of the olfactory nerve fibers, leading to anosmia and ageusia are also well documented in the literature. However, the current literature is limited in addressing the intersections between said variables. The aim of this study was to provide a focused narrative review of the literature, to address these intersections found in clinical sequelae of TBI. As chemoreceptive sensory deficits are also linked to significant affective distress of their own, this review addresses the bidirectionality between sensory deficit and affective distress. Prevalence, demographics, mechanisms, and clinical implications are presented. Previous research is presented and discussed, in an effort to highlight the importance of consideration for all factors in TBI patient care and future research.     

Impaired Sensorimotor Gating Using the Acoustic Prepulse Inhibition Paradigm in Individuals at a Clinical High Risk for Psychosis

Many robust studies have investigated prepulse inhibition (PPI) in patients with schizophrenia. Recent evidence indicates that PPI may help identify individuals who are at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). Selective attention to prepulse stimulus can specifically enhance PPI in healthy subjects; however, this enhancement effect is not observed in patients with schizophrenia. Modified PPI measurement with selective attentional modulation using perceived spatial separation (PSS) condition may be a more robust and sensitive index of PPI impairment in CHR individuals. The current study investigated an improved PSSPPI condition in CHR individuals compared with patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and healthy controls (HC) and evaluated the accuracy of PPI in predicting CHR from HC. We included 53 FESs, 55 CHR individuals, and 53 HCs. CHRs were rated on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. The measures of perceived spatial co-location PPI (PSCPPI) and PSSPPI conditions were applied using 60- and 120-ms lead intervals. Compared with HC, the CHR group had lower PSSPPI level (Inter-stimulus interval [ISI] = 60 ms, P < .001; ISI = 120 ms, P < .001). PSSPPI showed an effect size (ES) between CHR and HC (ISI = 60 ms, Cohen’s d = 0.91; ISI = 120 ms, Cohen’s d = 0.98); on PSSPPI using 60-ms lead interval, ES grade increased from CHR to FES. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for PSSPPI was greater than that for PSCPPI. CHR individuals showed a PSSPPI deficit similar to FES, with greater ES and sensitivity. PSSPPI appears a promising objective approach for preliminary identification of CHR individuals.